Double-cleat ladder means a ladder similar in construction to a single-cleat ladder, but with a center rail to allow simultaneous two-way traffic for employees ascending or descending. OSHA requirements are set by statute, standards and regulations. Response: Pursuant to §1910. The top rail must be at least 42 inches in height (§1910. The top rail position and maximum single rail length requirements are easier to meet. These include: The top edge height of top rails, or equivalent guardrail system. The top edge height may exceed 45 inches (114 cm), provided the guardrail. The job-built guardrail systems were evaluated to determine whether they complied with OSHA regulation 29 CFR 1926. S. Re: Stair rail and hand rail heights; §1926. 24 cm) in height shall be provided at the waterside edges of aprons and bulkheads, except where vehicles are prohibited. 71 (j) (1) and (2), unless the nature of the work in progress or the physical conditions prohibit the use. Using these definitions, therefore, OSHA concludes that a skylight should be regarded as a hatchway, i. The manufacturer must approve any alterations to the stilts. 451(g)(4). 502(d) and the requirements of the scaffold standard are met. Under 29 CFR 1926. 1. 3-1984 entitled American National Standard for Ladders — Fixed — Safety Requirements, as amended from time to time, other than section 7 of that Standard. Guardrail systems should consist of a top and intermediate rail. 450, . Top rail must withstand 200 lbs load in any direction. OSHA addresses the fall protection to be provided to employees on self-propelled scissor-lifts through the application of the general duty clause (section 5 (a) (1)) of the OSH Act) because the OSHA standards do not cover such equipment. With both standards, OSHA deems guardrail compliant under the following conditions: Vertical height of 42 inches. 29(b)), and contain. 2. OSHA Standard. OSHA guidelines on guardrail fall protection criteria dictate that a guardrail safety system’s top edge must be 42(±)3 inches above the floor. 1915. 502 (b) (1): Top edge height of top rails, or equivalent guardrail system members, shall be 42 inches (1. 23 (e) (3) (v) (b)); Protection between top rail and floor,. The standard's definition of a guardrail system is: "a vertical barrier, consisting of, but not limited to, Toprails, midrails , and posts, erected to prevent employees from falling off a. 651 (c) (2) Means of egress from trench excavations. 73]. However, this new provision applies only to scaffolds manufactured or placed into service. need to be provided for(The requirements to have guardrail systems with toeboards for falling object and overhead protection on platforms and landings are set forth in subpart M of this part. Maximum riser height of 9. 502 (b) (3), (4), and (5). 760 (c) (2) Access to a CDZ shall be limited to only those employees engaged in leading edge work. 3. 71 (d) (2) All vertical and horizontal members shall be fastened together with a coupler or locking device which will form a positive connection. Standard Number: 1926. If the employer chooses to use a guardrail system, he must comply with the following provisions: Top edge height of top rails, or equivalent guardrail system members, must be between 39 and 45 inches above the. The three major components of a strong post barrier are the rail, posts, and blockouts. OSHA published a final rule on walking-working surfaces and personal protective equipment in. 1052(c)(6) and 1926. OSHA standard 1926. If a guardrail or physical barrier or engineered solution is not possible, the employer must use the highest ranked method of fall protection as per section 26. 26. § 214. Toeboards need to be around 3. 451(a)(1), (a)(6) and (f), if the personal fall protection system were anchored to the scissor lift, the scissor lift would have to be able to. Our interpretation letters explain these requirements and how they apply to particular circumstances, but they cannot create additional employer obligations. The section of the OSHA code that specifies most of the primary guardrail and handrails as it directly relates to safety railing is 1910. 3. Open-sided dock areas 4 feet or more above adjacent floor or ground level where there is the danger of employee falling shall be guarded by a standard railing or the equivalent. Employee Work Areas Common use circulation paths must be accessible in work areas 1,000 sq. OSHA Fall Protection Requirements. Federal OSHA: requires a maximum single rail length of 10 feet. 72. 29 (f) (1) (i)) (as measured at the leading edge of the stair tread to the top surface of the rail). OSHA 1910. Must Withstand 200 Pounds. OSHA requirements are set by statute, standards and regulations. Our interpretation letters explain these requirements and how they apply to particular circumstances, but they cannot create additional employer obligations. 502(b)(3). Here are OSHA’s requirements for guardrail height: The top of the rail system must be 42 inches (±3 in. 29 Fall Protection Systems and Falling Object Protection-Criteria and. Top rail and midrail dimensions: Must be at least 0. 5 inches (24 cm); and. The spacing of vertical posts differs between the two sets of code as well. According to OSHA’s construction fall protection standard ( 29 CFR 1926. 500 (f) (l) (vi) provides for the utilization of types, sizes and arrangements of railing construction provided they meet the conditions established in sub-paragraph a thru d. Whenever guardrail systems are used, they must meet the definition of a "guardrail system" in §1926. As indicated in Question and Answer #50 of OSHA's compliance directive CPL 2-1. 29 CFR 1926. This letter constitutes OSHA's interpretation of the requirements discussed. (2) The landing length shall be a minimum of 60 in (1525 mm) clear. 23 (a) (2): Every ladderway floor opening or platform shall be guarded by a standard railing with standard toeboard on all exposed sides (except at entrance to opening), with the passage through the railing either provided with a. 5 inches (9 cm) as measured from the top edge of the toeboard to the level of the. Per 1926. IBC 2000 1-1/2 inch minimum. Guardrail requirements are covered under OSHA 1910. That being said, there are no requirements for a fall arrest system or ladder safety system for offset fixed ladders 24 feet and under in height so long as the ladder resting platforms at all transitions are of minimum horizontal dimensions (29 CFR § 1910. OSHA has issued a final rule on Walking-Working Surfaces and Personal Fall Protection Systems to better protect workers in general industry from these hazards by updating and clarifying standards and adding. Safety net systems and their use shall comply with the following provisions: (c)(1) Safety Railing and Guardrail Systems. 1053 (a) (4) (ii) The minimum clear distance between side rails for all portable ladders shall be 11½ inches (29 cm). Minimum tread depth of 9. 5 and A92. 451 (g) (1), each employee on a scaffold more than 10-feet above a lower level must be protected from falling to that lower level (also note American National Safety Institute/American Society of Safety Professionals (ANSI/ASSP) – Scaffolding Safety Requirements A10. This provides a safe environment and avoids. 1910. 213/91, the highest being a travel restraint system that meets the requirements of section 26. Our interpretation letters explain these requirements and how they apply to particular circumstances, but they cannot create additional employer obligations. When conditions warrant, the height of the top edge may exceed the 45-inch height, provided the guardrail system meets all other criteria. [Note: for this section, the criteria and practices requirements for guardrail systems on scaffolds are contained in 29 CFR part 1926, Subpart L or 29 CFR 1915. Cal/OSHA also requires that the top rail of the guardrail must be installed between 42 and 45 inches above the walking surface with a permissible height tolerance. OSHA’s proposal focuses on two sets of situations: Correcting rail requirements for stairways narrower than 44 inches, and with 2 open sides, by inserting words accidentally omitted when the 2017 requirements were published: - from “one stair rail system [on] each open side”. There are 29 OSHA-approved State Plans operating state-wide occupational safety and health programs. This 28-page document covers the basics of fall protection systems, equipment, and regulations, as well as practical tips and examples for different work scenarios. 1915. Occupational Safety and Health Administration 200 Constitution Ave NW Washington, DC 20210 1-800-321-OSHA 1-800-321-6742 Federal Government White House; Benefits. In sum, when a construction employer protects its employees from falls with a guardrail system, that guardrail system must meet the requirements in §1926. 555 (a) (1) Means for stopping the motor or engine shall be provided at the operator's station. The best case scenario, if a car is careening off the road, would be for that car to come to rest unhindered. A strength to withstand at least the minimum requirement of 200 pounds top rail pressure (§1910. This is why roof safety rails are so important. 29 (f) (1) (i) - Handrails are not less than 30 inches (76 cm) and not more than 38 inches (97 cm. This ribbon of rail acts to capture impacting vehicles and to. Guardrails should be inspected per the manufacturer specifications or a qualified person’s requirements. The agency has received numerous questions asking when handrails are required, and about the height requirements for handrails on stairs and stair rail systems. By Philip Colleran. 1 m) plus or minus 3 inches (8 cm) above the walking/working level. OSHA published a final rule on walking-working surfaces and personal protective equipment in November 2016 that updated requirements for slip, trip, and fall hazards. The AASHTO Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH). - to “one stair rail system with handrail on each open side”. Wooden posts must be no more than 8’ apart. For more information, visit or call OSHA at 1-800-321-OSHA (6742), TTY 1-877-889-5627. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) under the general industry standard 29 CFR 1910. 22) requires the use of fall protection such as a guardrail system, a safety net or personal fall protection systems if a worker could fall 4 feet or more from an open or exposed dock door or opening. Guardrail systems and toeboards. 450(b) 1926. ( 4) Have a minimum width of 22 inches (56 cm) between vertical. C. This letter constitutes OSHA's interpretation of the requirements discussed. TO: ALL AREA DIRECTORS Paragraph 1926. 1The present Standard, 29 CFR 1910. 8 m) or more above a lower level shall be protected from falling by the use of guardrail systems,. Training and qualification of each roadway worker in on-track safety for operators of roadway maintenance machines. A guardrail is a safety railing or barrier located along a horizontal surface such as a balcony, deck, or porch. Be sure you have. Employers are responsible for ensuring compliance with applicable OSHA requirements. OSHA’s fall protection and guardrail requirements along with the International Building Code (IBC) are standards all builders, contractors and construction workers should. 1917. • safety knowledge among workers varies, • manual labor is used extensively, • the climate creates year-round heat stress. 1. The newest OSHA revisions include the following criteria for OSHA 1910. Where the guardrail requirements of subsections (a) and (b) are impracticable due to machinery requirements or work. Similarly, OSHA's general industry standards related to guardrail systems (Subpart D Walking-Working Surfaces, specifically 29 CFR 1910. 10. Hazards are identified, as well as the controls that keep these hazards from becoming tragedies. The IBC code for structural design has some very specific requirements for deck stairs: Stair rails on decks should be between 34 inches and 38 inches high, measured vertically from the nose of the tread to the top of the rail. The employer must ensure: 1910. OSHA 1910. 1926. gov. If you have an edge that does not pose this risk, you should be OK with standard railing without toeboard. The top rail should be 42 inches in heightThis letter constitutes OSHA's interpretation of the requirements discussed. 1910. If the temporary guardrail stanchion you propose to attach the control line to complies with the requirements in §1926. Standards Institute, Standard A1264. 26 (b) (2)OSHA requirements are set by statute, standards and regulations. 502(b)(3) requires railing systems meet a 200 pound concentrated load test. In these cases, a handrail must be mounted on at least one side if the stairway is less than 44 inches wide. The guidelines for these aspects of mezzanine railing include: In-fill mid-rails or panels need to be installed to keep the opening from being more than 19 inches. The safety ledge shall be designed to carry a live load of 100 pounds per square foot. they satisfy all of the guardrail requirements. Maintenance of rooftop solar panels falls under general industry standards. All top rails and midrails need to be at least 0. 555 (a) (1) Means for stopping the motor or engine shall be provided at the operator's station. Wherever guardrail protection is required, the following standards shall be adhered to except that other types and arrangements of guardrail construction will be acceptable where the height, surface and end projection of the top rail complies with the standard specifications and the closure of the vertical area between the top rail and floor, platform,. This letter constitutes OSHA's interpretation of the requirements discussed. Maximum riser height of 9. In addition, Section 5 (a) (1) of the Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Act, often referred to as the General Duty Clause, requires employers to "furnish to each of his employees employment and a place of employment which are free from recognized. This 200 pound load test is designed to stop an employee from a potentially fatal fall, as opposed to the IBC requirement that takes into account the idea that many people may be leaning on the railing at the same time. 1(2) of O. Guardrail Requirements vs. 501 ), any worker constructing a leading edge 6 feet or more above a lower level “must be protected by guardrail systems, safety net systems, or personal fall arrest systems. WASHINGTON, DC – The U. "The employer must ensure each employee on a walking-working surface with an unprotected side or edge that is 4 feet (1. The use of wire ropes as top rails and intermediate rails of guardrail systems used for perimeter. 71 (j) (1) and (2), unless the nature of the work in progress or the physical conditions prohibit the use. The following definitions apply in this subpart: Alternating tread-type stair means a type of. These scaffolding safety guidelines, which come directly from OSHA standards, are explored in greater depth in the sections below. Warehousing hazards are addressed in specific standards for general industry (29 CFR 1910). General requirements. Code requires guardrail in residential structures be a minimum of 36 inches. These include: The top edge height of top rails, or equivalent guardrail system members, are 42 inches (107 cm), plus or minus 3 inches (8 cm), above the walking-working surface. 1 - Purpose and scope. the regulations in T8 CCR only set minimum requirements and they should strive to exceed the standards at all times. The agency has received numerous questions asking when handrails are required, and about the height requirements for handrails on stairs and stair rail systems. 4. OSHA requirements for standard stairs. The area shall be of a size to accommodate not less than 5 square feet (0. 1915. [29 CFR 1926. Loads are unfactored - please contact our technical department should safety factored loading be required. Manila, plastic or synthetic rope being used for top rails or midrails shall be inspected as frequently as necessary to ensure that it continues to meet the strength requirements of paragraph (b)(3) of this section (§ 1926. 503(a) and (c). When a forklift truck is used for lifting personnel on a secured safety platform with a guardrail to. This appendix serves as a non-mandatory guideline to assist employers in complying with these requirements. OSHA requires railings on open sides of stairwells and a handrail on at least on the side, preferably the right side descending at 42″ high. Guardrail systems must be capable of withstanding, without failure, a force of at least 200 pounds applied in a downward or outward direction at any point within two inches of the. [29 CFR 1926. 7 - Definition and requirements for a nationally recognized testing laboratory. 1-2007, Safety. 29 (b) (1) The top edge height of top rails, or equivalent guardrail system members, are 42 inches (107 cm), plus or minus 3 inches (8 cm), above the walking-working surface. Stair Rails and Handrails. Rauchut, This is in response to your letter of July 18, 2017, requesting the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) to address a specific question of whether any safety factor is required in the design of handrails and top rails. The retaining wall or retaining wall system is located closer than 2 feet to a walk, path, residential yard, public common area, parking lot or driveway. Safety Tips for Pedestrians. [29 CFR 1926. OSHA is requesting updates to the handrail and stair rail system requirements for its general industry, Walking-Working Surfaces standard, according to a press release. ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking. 451(g). State Plan Standards. 23 covers requirements for ladders and includes information on when handrails are required on mobile ladder stands or platforms (when they have a top step height of 4 feet or more) and how high a railing must be (29. Open-sided dock areas 4 feet or more above adjacent floor or ground level where there is the danger of employee falling shall be guarded by a standard railing or the equivalent. Provides illustrated safety checklists for specific types of scaffolds. A guardrail consists of a top rail 42” + or – 3” no less than 39”, mid rail at 21” and toe board 3. This includes the top of retaining walls over 4 feet in height. Kee Gate's spring-loaded self-closing hinge ensures that the gate will automatically close, maintaining a constant safety barrier between the user and the hazard. Whenever guardrail systems are used, they must meet the definition of a "guardrail system" in §1926. Slope between 30° and 50° from the horizontal. Stair railing height requirements are derived from handrail code—a model building code that communities can adopt and adapt as needed. Use internal couplings, Type 18-7, to maintain continuity. 4, and the lowest, a safety net that meets the requirements of section 26. When assessing an employer's compliance efforts, the Agency considers the requirements of pertinent. The top rail of the handrail must be a minimum of 42" [ref. Department of Labor. External ISPE. 451, . To prevent employees from being injured from falls, employers must: Guard every floor hole into which a worker can accidentally walk (using a railing and toe-board or a floor hole cover). 5 inches high with a gap of less than 1/4 inch. Training and qualification of watchmen/[email protected] (a) (1) Danger zones at or adjacent to conveyors shall be guarded to protect employees. Their standard states, "A standard guardrail shall consist of top rail, midrail or equivalent protection, and posts, and shall have a vertical height within the range of 42 inches. 23 & 1926. 1 m) plus or minus 3 inches (8 cm) above the walking/working level. Under 29 CFR 1926. This threshold differs from 29. 1926. Guard Height. Based on the information that you have provided, a maximum opening of four inches between the two guardrails would ensure compliance with 29 CFR 1910. 355. OSHA requirements for guardrails are also quite stringent. 1926. According to the IBC code, guard rails are required when there is a difference of 30 inches or greater between two upper and lower surfaces. 4. Haydl: This is in response to your letter of June 24, 2004 regarding the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards for heights for stair rails and handrails and corresponding building code requirements. 451(g)(4). This Safety and Health Information Bulletin is not a standard or regulation, and it creates no new legal obligations. Be sure you have checked all 10 before work begins on your job-site. 2. Safety Requirements for Job-Made Ladders. 501(b)(1), even where there is a permanent guardrail with a 36-inch top rail that, pursuant to STD 01-01-010, is acceptable for. This is the first OSHA requirement to be aware of. All other guardrail systems and their components shall meet the following. By strict letter of the law, a 46” dock does not require fall protection under the provisions of OSHA 1910. It covers all walking-working surfaces unless specifically excluded by an individual section of this subpart. Plastic ladders: ANSI A14. 454. In addition, OSHA also issued an interpretation (55 FR 13407; April. The employer must ensure: 1910. The agency has received numerous questions asking when handrails are required, and about the height requirements for handrails on stairs and stair rail systems. OSHA requirements are set by statute, standards and regulations. 502(b)(9) states that top rails and mid rails must have a thickness or nominal diameter of at least ¼ of an inch to. Guardrail requirements are covered under OSHA 1910. 26 (b) (1) Dockboards put into initial service on or after January 17, 2017 are designed, constructed, and maintained to prevent transfer vehicles from running off the dockboard edge; 1910. This regulation ensures that personnel and equipment are protected from a fall if/when the guard rail is struck by a piece of equipment or machinery. 2m) or more above a lower level is protected from falling by one or more of the following guardrail systems; safety net systems; or. OSHA Guardrail Requirements for Leading Edges. Access to wing walls from floors of dry docks shall be by ramps, permanent stairways or ladders meeting the applicable requirements of § 1915. Most loading docks are 48-52” tall, but we do see instances of docks a few inches shy of four feet–say 46”. 29 (b) (1): The top edge height of top rails, or equivalent guardrail system members, are 42 inches (107 cm), plus or minus 3 inches (8 cm), above the walking-working surface. 502(b)(6) requires that guardrail components have smooth surfaces to prevent snagging of clothing and injuries from lacerations and punctures. , an opening in the roof of a building through which persons may fall. S. Though the terms guardrails and handrails are. 23 (e) (3) (iii), installations, posts and top and intermediate rails are to be of 2-inch by 2-inch by 3/8-inch angles or other metal shapes of equivalent bending strength with posts spaced not more than 8 feet on centers. OSHA requirements are set by statute, standards and regulations. 503 (a) (1) The employer shall provide a training program for each employee who might be exposed to fall hazards. Cal-OSHA’s 1. Safety nets . There is a 3-inch variance that is allowed in either direction. Any vertical intermediate members (EX. With an extended catch platform preventing employees from falling to the ground, the catch platform would have been the only lower level, and (other than the. 28; 1910. The opening between a guardrail and the end structure at the head of a bed shall be no more than 15 inches. 502(k) and training that meets the requirements of 29 CFR. Implement safe work practices to reduce the possibility of falls. OSHA requirements are set by statute, standards and regulations. Re: Guardrail requirements for two point suspension scaffolds Dear Mr. A guardrail system also provides a safety barrier for other internal and external exposure spots of a building or site. The area shall be permanently maintained and identified as a safe dispersal area. 451(g). 1. 29 CFR 1910. OSHA publishes a final rule. The California Division of Occupational Safety and Health (Cal-OSHA) has specific requirements for rooftop railing protection under its fall protection standards. 29 (b) (1): To meet OSHA’s guardrail height requirements, the top rail needs to be 42 inches plus or minus 3 inches above the walking-working surface. 36″ minimum. It applies to classrooms with permanent and temporary floor holes and openings greater than 1 inch in its least dimension, floor drains, manholes, hatchways, ladder. Occupational Safety and Health Standards; Subpart: 1910 Subpart D; Subpart Title: Walking-Working Surfaces; Standard Number: 1910 Subpart D Title:. 1926. 73 (d) When employees are exposed to unguarded edges of decks, platforms, flats, and similar flat surfaces, more than 5 feet above a solid surface, the edges shall be guarded by adequate guardrails meeting the requirements of § 1915. The Occupational Safety and Health Administrations, Safety and Health Regulations for Construction, specifically 1926. 50 inches (38mm). 2. 5". 5-1982 - American National Standard for Ladders - Portable Reinforced Plastic -. 1926. For employers who have been doing their best to keep. 5. Since that time, OSHA has received many questions and requests for interpretation of the requirements for handrails and stair rail systems. 1926. Maximum 4-1/2 inch handrail projection into stairway width, on either side. 5" tall, with no more than a 1/4" gap at the bottom. 451–1926. If you need further assistance, please contact [the Office of General Industry Enforcement at (202) 693-1850]. In some cases and places, however, that is not possible. gov. A safety handrail provides stability with a handhold on a platform, walkway, stairway or step. Use pedestrian walkways, or stay to one side of the equipment aisle. [Note: for this section, the criteria and practices requirements for guardrail systems on scaffolds are contained in 29 CFR part 1926, Subpart L or 29 CFR 1915. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standard at 29 CFR 1926. 501 ), any worker constructing a leading edge 6 feet or more above a lower level “must be protected by guardrail systems, safety net systems, or personal fall arrest systems. An opening between 3½ and 9 inches should be avoided because of the danger of entrapment. It is important to keep in mind that if a rooftop is as little as 4 feet above. OSHA Fall Protection Standard 1910. This letter constitutes OSHA’s. 62 cm). These letters provide guidance to clarify the application of an established OSHA standard, policy, or. 502(b)(3) requires railing systems meet a 200 pound concentrated load test. 501(b)(13), workers engaged in residential construction six (6) feet or more above lower levels must be protected by conventional fall protection (in other words, guardrail systems, safety net systems, or personal fall arrest systems) or other. 1431 (b) (2) Exceptions: A personnel platform is not required for hoisting employees: 1926. A guardrail is shown by the red arrows in our photo at left. A guardrail consists of a top rail 42” + or – 3” no less than 39”, mid rail at 21” and toe board 3. 26 (a) Dockboards are capable of supporting the maximum intended load in accordance with § 1910. Top rail and midrail dimensions: Must be at least 0. The guardrail would then have to meet the requirements in §1926. A handrail or grab bar and any wall or other surface adjacent to it needs to be free of anything sharp or abrasive. 1910. gov ) 202-493-3168. 451 (a) (5), states that, "Guardrails shall be 2 x 4 inches or the equivalent, approximately 42. Minimum tread depth of 9. OSHA is therefore proposing to clarify that the top rail of stair rail systems installed prior to January 17, 2017, can serve as a handrail if that top rail is 30 to 38 inches in height and meets the other handrail requirements of paragraph (f). This 200 pound load test is designed to stop an employee from a potentially fatal fall, as opposed to the IBC requirement that takes into account the idea that many people may be leaning on the. OSHA Guardrail Load Requirements. Supervise workers to ensure fall protection equipment is used and maintained correctly. GUARDRAIL 101. 29(k)(1), the new toeboard requirement needs to be at least 3. OSHA Handrail Standards. Haydl: This is in response to your letter of June 24, 2004 regarding the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards for heights for stair rails and handrails and corresponding building code requirements. ”. The following requirements apply to all stairways as indicated: (1) Stairways having four or more risers or rising more than 30 inches (76 cm), whichever is less, shall be equipped with: (A) At least one handrail; and (B) A stair rail consisting of a top rail and mid-rail along each unprotected side or edge. 500 (f) (l) (vi) provides for the utilization of types, sizes and arrangements of railing construction provided they meet the conditions established in sub-paragraph a thru d. Panels made of materials conforming to the requirements in Table. Have handrails that meet the requirements of § 1917. Section 18(b) of The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, P. Horizontal lifelines, depending on their geometry and angle of sag, may be subjected to greater loads than the impact load imposed by an attached component. If the guardrail is unable to bear the minimum structural load, it could break due to the applied forces, resulting in a tragic accident. Retraining Employers must retrain employees when inadequacies are observed, changes in worksite conditions occur or when it is believed that an employee lacks the skill or understanding needed for safe work involving the erection, use or dismantling of the scaffold.